Plants provide nutrition, materials, carbon dioxide capture, oxygen production and support mental well-being to sustain life on Earth. As we venture deeper into Space, for longer periods, humans will need to integrate plants into life support and bioproduction systems. Plants for Space (P4S) is an Australian based collaborative initiative, linking with international partners, focused on providing plant-based solutions for the sustainable production of nutrition and biomaterials for Space and Earth. Multidisciplinary skillsets have combined in Plant and Food Science, Systems and Process Engineering, Nutrition, Psychology, Law, and Education to explore the fundamental breakthroughs required to develop fit for purpose plant-based biomanufactured products. Molecular-based techniques are needed to adapt and optimise plants to controlled environments fit for Earth and Space to deliver: plants as fast growth, zero-waste food sources; tailored ‘pick & eat’ crops to supplement dietary needs, and a suite of ‘complete nutrition’ plants to solve the grand challenge of total caloric replacement. Plant biofactories and bioprocessing technologies developed will ultimately be vital to sustain closed environments for extra-terrestrial settlement, and provide new advances for on-Earth manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and plant-based foods. Engineering solutions and new experimental platforms will need to undergo rigorous lifecycle and techno-economic analyses, psychological impacts will need to be examined, and legal and ethical frameworks will need to be explored to ensure innovations are fit-for-purpose and readily translatable to meet current timelines. P4S also aspires to implement a bold, long-term approach to education and training to inspire more students into STEM subjects and establish a new generation of Australian Space-fluent researchers. The P4S vision is to provide a touchpoint for plant and food focused researchers internationally, to deliver the efficiencies and synergies needed to deliver plant-based technologies that will assist in enabling sustainable long-term deep-space habitation in support of Moon-to-Mars.